THCV

THCV (Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin) is the propyl (C3) homolog of Δ⁹-THC, differing from THC only in having a three-carbon rather than five-carbon alkyl side chain. Molecular formula C₁₉H₂₆O₂. THCV was first isolated by Gill et al. (1970). Its pharmacology is dose-dependent: at low doses it behaves as a CB1 neutral antagonist / inverse agonist, while at high doses it becomes a CB1 partial agonist and intoxicant (Pertwee, 2008, British Journal of Pharmacology 153:199; Thomas et al., 2005, Br J Pharmacol 146:917). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial in type 2 diabetes (Jadoon et al., 2016, Diabetes Care 39:1777) reported improved fasting glucose and pancreatic β-cell function. Appetite-suppressant and antipsychotic effects have been reported in preclinical models; human efficacy for weight management remains under investigation. → See also: THC, CB1 receptor, Minor cannabinoid.