Indoor

Indoor cultivation refers to cannabis production conducted entirely within an enclosed, climate-controlled structure under controlled environment agriculture (CEA) principles, with all photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) supplied by electric fixtures — historically double-ended high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps (≈1.7 μmol·J⁻¹ photon efficacy) and increasingly light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (≈2.7–3.0 μmol·J⁻¹) (Eichhorn Bilodeau et al. 2019). Indoor systems enable precise control of PPFD, photoperiod, temperature, vapor pressure deficit, CO₂ enrichment, and integrated pest management, supporting year-round, multi-harvest schedules. Rodriguez-Morrison et al. (2021, Frontiers in Plant Science 12:646020) demonstrated that dry inflorescence yield increased linearly with canopy PPFD from 120 to 1,800 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (116 → 519 g·m⁻²), while leaf-level photosynthesis saturated well below that intensity — establishing that cannabis whole-plant yield response exceeds single-leaf photosynthesis predictions. Etymology: Old English inne + dor. Synonyms/slang: CEA, sealed room, grow room, warehouse grow. → See also: Outdoor, Greenhouse, Hydroponic, Yield (Industry).